Can I update or sync more than one iPod on the same computer?

The official Apple iPod FAQ says:

Yes. Each iPod communicates a unique device identification number to your computer, allowing you to take advantage of automatic music transfers to your iPod even if you share a computer with another iPod user. You can choose to automatically update your entire music collection on multiple iPod players or choose to update selected playlists, allowing you to transfer custom playlists to individual iPod players.

An Apple Support Document titled "Using Multiple iPods with One Computer" goes into more detail. For a single users who wants to use more than one iPod on his or her computer, Apple explains that:

If one person wants to use multiple iPods on a computer, or you don't want to create multiple user accounts to support multiple iPods, you can set iTunes to update each iPod with only certain playlists. This way, you can put all your music on, say, your iPod and keep your workout music on your iPod shuffle.

Assuming you have money to burn, you might choose to have a large number of videos, and all of your music, on an iPod classic model, a handful of videos and a portion of your music collection -- as well as Internet access and a number of apps -- on an iPod touch model and your workout mix on an iPod shuffle.

There are any number of configurations that would be useful or convenient.

Apple explains that to use multiple iPods on the same computer, you need to:

1. First, create a new iTunes playlist for each iPod that contains all the music that you want to send to that particular iPod.

2. Then configure the iPod Options in iTunes so that each iPod gets updated with only your selected playlists.

The same support document also provides instructions for multiple users who each have their own iPod and are sharing the same computer that others may find useful.